Science

Mapping the dark Universe with gravitational weak lensing

Gravitational lensing is a fascinating phenomenon that happens because of the way gravity works according to Einstein’s theory of General Relativity: mass curves spacetime. Imagine you have a massive object, like a star or a galaxy, sitting in space. This object has a strong gravitational pull, which means it will bend spacetime and – since light follows a path along this now bent space – it also bends the path of light that passes nearby.

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Why is going to space crucial to map dark matter?

A key promise of the Euclid mission is to explore the evolution of the dark Universe. The foundation of this ambitious program is a large optical and near-infrared imaging survey. Euclid’s cosmic map will depict more than one billion galaxies out to 10 billion light-years, making it the biggest and most detailed cosmological data set of our age. How does the quality of the first Euclid images compare to another reference cosmological data set, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Survey?

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What is and what could be dark matter?

Dark Matter is not one of the powerful sith lord in the Universe, but is one of the biggest mysteries in astrophysics. It refers to a transparent form of matter that does not interact with light, making it invisible to our telescopes. Nevertheless its presence can be inferred through its gravitational effects on usual visible matter and the large-scale structure of the Universe.

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What is and what could be dark energy?

There is no doubt in the science community, the expansion of the universe is accelerating! The reason behind this acceleration is one of the most challenging contemporary puzzles, and this is where the concept of dark energy comes in. Accounting for 68% of the energy in the universe, dark energy is at the same time responsible for the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. However, the crucial question remains: What could dark energy be?

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